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Some details on how information is extracted experimentally for the future:
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Forces: There is a centrifugal force on the quarks as the they orbit with some momentum. This force should manifest naturally due to the fact that the quarks have some intrinsic energy which means they must be given an initial momentum. There is the color charge force (strong force) which is the flux tube that brings binds the quarks together. There is electricity and magnetism that are applied to all of the charged quarks. The string tension should go as 1/r where r is the distance. The force between valance quarks should go as F(r)=Ar+BrCr. In other words, at small r where the quarks are close together, there is a spring constant A. As r gets bigger (beyond the diameter of the proton) then the attractive force gets stronger and stronger very fast (try A=0.3, B=0.1 C=2.9). The sea quarks should go as F(r)=a/r2+b where r is again the distance between them. Both a and b are constants that play a role in the spatial region that each term kicks in. The sea quarks actually undergo a gluon-mediated scattering interaction governed by an inverse square law just like Coulomb’s law. The difference is that there’s a second term in the equation, and it’s a constant. Regardless of the distance between them, two “unpaired” quarks will be attracted to each other with a constant force on top of the inverse square law which is 137 times stronger than the electromagnetic force. So a is 137 times the scale of the force between two charges (Coulomb's Law) and b should be on the same scale as a. Here I've provided some starting parameters but we should have these parameters be something that we can change in our menu by at least 10%.
FluxTubes: Quarks are connected via the flux tubes. The flux tube can be modeled as just a string holding the valence quarks together. The three valence quarks should be orbiting around the center of the proton with a momentum that wants to send them flying off but the string tension of the flux tube keeps them bound to each other. The string tension and the valence quark momentum should be control parameters that can be changed in the UI. The flux tube should get smaller (narrower) as its stretches and the tension tighten. The flux tube is a three-dimensional geometry that has an empty volume inside. Gluons can pass through the volume changing the color of the quarks as they make an exchange. This happens exactly the same in both valence and sea quarks. The valence will always have three flux tube arms while the sea can have two or three or more but normally only two.
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Member | Year | Unity | Major | Project | Team | Notes |
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Duncan Beauch | 3rd year | Novice | Physics/CS | Views and UI and Expanding 3D representation (+ physics team work) | Physics | |
Wyndham White | 3rd year | Novice | Physics/CS | Unity Fluid simulation tests (+ physics team work) | Physics | |
Bryant Lisk | 2nd year | Novice | CS | gluon-quark/gluon-gluon/fluxtube force | Modeling | |
Jared Conway | 2nd year | 2 years | CS | Electricity and Magnetism of quarks (Unity EM engine) | Modeling | |
Sam Colvin | 2nd year | Novice | CS | Optimization for high particle density | Modeling | |
Ethan Hanover | 4th year | 3 years | CS | Sea-quark, gluon, fluxtube interactions | Dynamics/Modeling | |
Ishan Mathur | MS student | CS | CS Integration and communication | Systems Organization | ||
Ishara Fernando | Postdoc | Physics | Physics Integration and communication | Systems Organization | ||
Liliet Diaz | Phd student | Physics | Physics team lead | Physics |
Misc. documents
- GitHub_Steps.pdf
- https://www.uni-muenster.de/Physik.TP/archive/fileadmin/lehre/Quantenmechanik_Friedrich_/book1_01.pdf
- https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11903