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Forces: There is a centrifugal force on the quarks as the orbit with some momentum.  There is the color charge force (strong force) which is the flux tube that brings the quarks together.  There is electricity and magnetism that are applied to all of the charged quarks.  The force between   The force between valance quarks should go as F(r)=Ar+Br^Cr.  In other words at small r where the quarks are close together, there is a spring constant.  As r gets bigger (beyond the diameter of the proton) then the attractive force gets stronger and stronger.  Inside the proton, the force between quarks is 137 times stronger than the electromagnetic force.  The sea quarks should go as F(r)=a/r²+b where r is the distance between them.  Both a and b are constants that play a role in the spatial region that each term kicks in.   In other words at small r where the quarks are close together, there is a sort of constant attractive force between them.  As r get bigger (beyond the diameter of the proton) then the attractive force gets stronger and stronger The sea quarks actually undergo a gluon-mediated scattering interaction governed by an inverse square law just like Coulomb’s law. The difference is that there’s a second term in the equation, and it’s a constant. Regardless of the distance between them, two “unpaired” quarks will be attracted to each other with a constant force on top of the inverse square law.

FluxTubes: Quarks are connected via the flux tubes.  The flux tube can be modeled as just a string holding the valence quarks together.  The three valence quarks should be orbiting around the center of the proton with a momentum that wants to send them flying off but the string tension of the flux tube keeps them bound to each other.  The string tension and the valence quark momentum should be control parameters that can be changed in the UI.  The flux tube should get smaller (narrower) as its stretches and the tension tighten.  The flux tube is a three-dimensional geometry that has an empty volume inside.  Gluons can pass through the volume changing the color of the quarks as they make an exchange.  This happens exactly the same in both valence and sea quarks.  The valence will always have three flux tube arms while the sea can have two or three or more but normally only two.

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