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Quarks: The quarks are charged so besides the color force there is an electromagnetic force as well. This is true for the sea quarks and valence quarks. The Up quark has a charge of +2/3, and the Down quark is -1/3. This is important in the physics of their dynamics because when charges move, they make magnetic fields. The force from the electromagnetic charge scales as 1/r^2, where r is the distance between the quarks (charges). The color force on the other hand does not diminish as fast over distance, it is the same between quarks but will normally only act between two (sea-quarks) or three (valence quarks). The strength of the color force is roughly 137 times that of the electromagnetic force.
Models of Dynamics:
Meson Cloud Model: At any given instant, the proton might really be a neutron (ddu) plus a positively charged pion (ud‾ud‾)—or another proton (uud) plus a neutral pion (an equal superposition of uu‾uu‾ and dd‾dd‾). This violates energy conservation but it is allowed, for a fleeting moment, by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. By adding up the contributions from all the possible channels, the theorists can model the composition of the sea.
Constituent Quark: Most basic isospin configuration.
Pauli-blocking: Pauli exclusion principle suppressed the formation of quarks of a certain color and flavor since two like quanta can not be in the same state.
Effective 4-quark Langrangian: ’t Hooft effective four-quark Lagrangianis “flavor nondiagonal,” leading to processes u→u(d‾d)u→u(d‾d) and d→d(u‾u)d→d(u‾u) but not to u→u(u‾u)u→u(u‾u) and d→d(d‾d)d→d(d‾d). In a way, the effect is also due to the Pauli exclusion principle, but at a different level. Topological tunneling events, known as instantons, create fields so strong that they fix the color and spin states of participating quarks uniquely. Instead of six possibilities, there remains only one, thus a complete blocking. Since the proton has two valence u quarks and only one valence d quark, that mechanism would suggest d‾/u‾d‾/u‾ = 2 rather than 1.
UI and Controls:
We also want a nice User Interface that is transparent so you can still see what's going on behind it and provides the option of controlling all of the dynamics and
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